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Stud Welding Processes

 

  1. Where is stud welding applied?

 

 

SectorExamples
Industrial applications Plastering trowels, metal goods, hinges, assembly parts
Construction Facade construction, steel construction, bridge construction, composite construction
Vehicle construction Agricultural machinery, semi-trailers, cars, commercial vehicles, construction vehicles, mobile cranes
Electrical industry Household appliances, control cabinets, front panels, lift control panels
Plant engineering Coil heat exchangers, processors, generators, fans
Vessel construction Boilers
Shipbuilding Interior fitting, cable routing
Power plant technology Turbines
Insulation Air ducts, flue gas pipes, production of discharge electrodes, industrial insulation, refractory combustion chambers
Wear protection Excavators

 

  1. Wich materials are used?

    Today, stud welding is mainly used with: steel, structural steel, high-strength structural steel, stainless steel (V2a), austenitic and ferritic, aluminum, brass, copper, titanium.
    Even black - white connections are possible depending on the studwelding process.

 

  1. Which welding processes exist?

    Stud welding is divided in two main processes.  CD-studwelding und Arc studwelding. The basic difference between the two procedures is that in tip ignition procedure (CD), the arc is formed over the ignition tip of the studs with a substantially hear welding current and a short time. In the drawn arc procedure (Arc), the stud is lifted to arc length under a pilot arc, and then dips into the molten metal after the welding time has elapsed.
    For more information on the processes, see the following links and the associated table.


  2. How efficient is Stud Welding?

    With AS stud welders you get welders which already today get along with a minimum of energy use. Because energy is only used in a fraction of a second, stud welding technology is already a process that requires a fraction of the energy compared to other welding processes (electrode, MAG, TIG). The base material is less thermally stressed in comparison to other welding procedures.
    The Commission Regulation (EU) 2019/1784 of October 1, 2019, laying down ecodesign requirements for welding equipment pursuant to Directive 2009/125/EG of the European Parliament and of the Council. Therefore this does not apply to stud welding equipment in accordance with Article 1(3) of the Regulation. 

Symbol Spitzenzündung

Symbol Hubzündung

Welding Process Overview

 

 

CategoryContact methodGap methodShort-cycleDrawn arc with ceramic ferruleDrawn arc with shielding gas
Welding time
Tw (ms)
1-4 1-2 <100 >100 >100
Stud diameter
d (mm)
Ø 1-8
Ø 10 possible with limitations
1-8 3-10 3-25 3-16
Current
I (A)
Up to 10,000 Up to 10,000 Up to 1,600 300-3,000 300-3,000
Weld pool protection - - - Ceramic ferrule Shielding gas
Min. sheet thickness
(mm)
0.5 0.5 1/8 d (stud), but min. min. 0,6 mm 1/4 d (stud), but min. 1 mm 1/8 d (stud), but min. 1 mm
Weldable materials Steel, stainless steel, brass, aluminium
(and others)
Steel, stainless steel, brass, (aluminium)
(and others)
Steel, stainless steel, brass, aluminium
(and others)
Steel, stainless steel, 1.4571, etc. + heat-resistant Steel, stainless steel, 1.4571, etc. + heat-resistant
Cheaper studs yes yes yes no no
Cheaper equipment yes yes no no no
Suitable for automation
(see Automation)
no yes yes no yes
(depending on stud size)
230 V standard socket yes yes no no no
Values may vary depending on equipment and application